How Antibiotics Work In The Human Body

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Antibiotics have become a necessary part of life in most of the world. They help fight off disease and keep people with serious illnesses alive. If antibiotics were to suddenly disappear from the earth, there would be a lot of problems. Therefore, it is important to know about this type of medicine, its origins, and how it helps us fight sickness.

The word antibiotic originally referred to a chemical produced by a  microorganism that hindered the growth or killed other microorganisms. Now the term refers to a variety of medicines that have antibacterial effects.

There are several types of antibiotics. One type includes chemicals produced naturally from organisms, and they require no modification to be effective. The majority of antibiotics are made by taking natural chemicals and modifying them chemically to enhance their characteristics. The last type is purely synthetic; made in the lab from scratch without starting off from a base chemical.

The benefits of antibiotics are numerous. Except for very strong antibiotics, most medications of this sort have few serious side effects, and they are relatively painless to take. They are highly targeted and can be extremely effective. Certain antibiotics only target certain bacteria, but others cover a wide range. Depending on one's specific condition, numerous types of antibiotics may need to be given.

As with most medications, there are different ways of dispensing antibiotics. The most common is orally, as when taking a pill of some sort. Oral antibiotics are digested and the medicinal content. While it does not happen often, antibiotics can also be given topically, such as with creams or eyedrops. The second most common way of taking the medicine is intravenously, although this only occurs when an infection is progressively severe.

Antibiotics are differentiated in another fashion as well; whether they kill bacterial cells, or stop their proliferation. Those that kill are bactericidal, and those that hinder are bacteriostatic. Sometimes all one needs is a bacteriostatic antibiotic, which stops the spread of the infection and allows the body to finish the job. While drugs may be classified as one or the other, each type can function as its counterpart. For example, a low concentration of bactericidal solution may act in a bacteriostatic fashion, and vice versa.

What determines the type of antibiotic a chemical falls in to? If an antibiotic targets the life supporting functions of bacteria or attacks its structure, it is usually  bactericidal. On the other hand, if it targets protein synthesis or negatively affects DNA replication, it would be bacteriostatic. An individual's unique case determines if bacteriostatic or bactericidal medication is needed, and sometimes they are even given together.

The production of antibiotics occurs on a grand scale, which enables the drugs to be sold relatively cheaply and without interference. Natural antibiotics are produced by fermenting microorganisms which create the chemical in highly aerobic settings. Synthetic antibiotics are made somewhat differently, but can still be mass produced.

The future of antibiotics looks bright, with research being conducted every day in to new chemicals and opportunities. The importance of research is intensified with the knowledge that new diseases are emerging and bacteria are becoming resistant to several medications. Unless an antibiotic that is resistant to adaptation is developed, there will always be a need for new antibiotics.

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